A headache on its own is rarely the sign of anything serious. It is true that occasionally a headache is a symptom of meningitis, or a brain haemorrhage or tumour, but in these cases the headache is very severe or there are other symptoms, such as vomiting, dizziness or feeling disoriented. That means, though, that if you suddenly develop a really severe headache, or start getting frequent headaches for no apparent cause, or if you are concerned, you should see your doctor for a check-up.
Though it may be tempting automatically to reach for a painkiller when you have a headache, it's always worth having a large glass of water and something to eat first. Then try to relax, and even if you are at work, take your eyes away from any form of screen for at least 15 minutes. If you are at home, a relaxing bath with some lavender oil, or a shoulder and neck massage, can be more effective than taking pills. For a headache caused by a cold or blocked sinuses try a steam inhalation with a few drops of menthol and eucalyptus oil added to the water.
Prevention is the key to tackling frequent headaches. This means trying to deal with underlying stress and making a real effort to avoid getting over-tired. Eating regular meals, drink at least 2 litres of water each day and cutting down on alcohol are also important.
Too much caffeine can cause headaches, but so can cutting it out too fast, so switch over to de-caff very gradually.
Keeping a food diary can help to identify food intolerences - headache caused by food usually starts within a couple of hours of eating it. Excessive amounts of MSG and synthetic colourings and flavourings are often to blame.
Keep a note of how many painkillers you are taking. If it's more than 30 a month, then they are likely to be contributing to your headaches. Cutting down can be difficult, as the headaches often get worse, and you may need the help of alternative types of pain-modifying drugs, such as amitriptilene. These are available on prescription from your doctor.
Dr Rosemary Leonard
